2016-11 – We've found that when changing XAML and then running on remote device our changes are not deployed to the remote device, resulting in an old version of our app being run.  Its very odd as the build deploy text says its deploying, but it isn't.  Our solution initially was to select menu > Build > Deploy Solution and then press the run on remote machine once thats done.  However doing this solved it properly:

Tools > Options > Projects and Solutions > Build and Run

'Only build startup projects and dependencies on run' = unchecked

'On Run, when project are out of date' = Always build

Some fixes to try and solve the issue are here: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2646858/visual-studio-2010-isnt-building-before-a-run-when-there-are-code-changes